Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Moreover, A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Federalism in Nigeria. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. /Length 3884 It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Adobe d C All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. The states were later increased to 30 states. %PDF-1.5 In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? Federalism in India. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. 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As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Your email address will not be published. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. We appreciate you. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. /Height 235 Nigeria. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. 3. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. 3. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Historical experience 3.2 2. 74 . Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Pls visit us again dear reader. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. All rights reserved. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. % /F4 15 0 R This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. % This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. /F2 9 0 R It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically.